CentOS

I think this may be a spammer posting dredged up old rubbish. I deleted a user of the same name a couple of days ago for the same reason. We'll see if it comes back and posts more obvious spam...

Windows firewall. And that assumes that Windows actually has an sshd running - which would not be necessary to use an ssh client to connect outbound.

I think you missed the news. Red Hat killed CentOS about 3 years ago and it is no longer the same thing that it once was. It's now a massive beta test zone for unsuspecting users who think they are getting an enterprise OS clone of RHEL and are not.

Please be aware that CentOS Stream is not suitable for production work. If you aim to run this in production then look at one of the other RHEL clones like Rocky/Alma/OEL or even RHEL itself.

See my first reply to this thread.

Also when you ran curl, it _requires_ the quotes around the url that I used or the & in the url is interpreted by bash as "send this to the background" and it chops the url in pieces.

And what do you get from the server in question if you run

curl "https://mirrors.centos.org/metalink?rep ... https,http"

No, the tool for updates on all RHEL/Fedora based systems is dnf (yum is an alias to dnf for all versions >= 8). What errors are you getting? If you have no web proxy between you and the internet then yum/dnf will just work without any additional configuration. If you are behind a proxy then you nee...

Sorry but CentOS 5 is dead. You cannot even get Red Hat support for RHEL 5 any more, not even by paying for it.

Which version of CentOS?

Your first job is to get rid of that system. CentOS 5 died in 2017 so you are going on 6 years without any security patches - and there have been some doozies in the last 6 years. You're not even running the most recent version of a dead operating system, you're running 5.8 which dates from 2012 so ...